Fig. 4

Astaxanthin inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling. A. After astaxanthin, LY294002 or PTL treatment, the protein levels of factors involved in PI3K/AKT pathway (p-AKT, AKT) and NF-κB pathway (p-P65, p-IκB, P65, and IκB) were quantified by western blotting. ^**p < 0.01 vs. control; ^##p < 0.01 vs. astaxanthin; ^@@p < 0.01 vs. LY294002, ^&p < 0.05, ^&&p < 0.01 vs. PTL